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Folkman's theorem, Ken Brown's lemma, and Solving Recurrences in Double Free set Chern Class Degrees of Freedom with Schubert calculus

Folkman's theorem is a theorem in mathematics, and more particularly in arithmetic combinatorics and Ramsey theory. According to this theorem, whenever the natural numbers are partitioned into finitely many subsets, there exist arbitrarily large sets of numbers all of whose sums belong to the same subset of the partition. The theorem had been discovered and proved independently by several mathematicians, before it was named "Folkman's theorem", as a memorial to Jon Folkman, by Graham, Rothschild, and Spencer.


The integer version can be deduced from the set version by considering colourings which depend only on the number of 1s of the string. The integer version can also be deduced from Rado's theorem.

The set version can be deduced from the integer version by using Ramsey's Theorem to restrict to a coloring which depends only on the cardinality of a set. The set version of this theorem can be deduced from Hindman's theorem. The higher k generalization of this version is the Graham-Rothschild theorem.

Kenneth Stephen Brown (born 1945) is a professor of mathematics at Cornell University, working in category theory and cohomology theory. Among other things, he is known for Ken Brown's lemma in the theory of model categories. He is also the author of the book Cohomology of Groups (Graduate Texts in Mathematics 87, Springer, 1982). The m=2 case of the integer version of this theorem is Schur's theorem

Emanuele Frittaion

The number of independent ways by which a dynamic system can move, without violating any constraint imposed on it, is called number of degrees of freedom. In other words, the number of degrees of freedom can be defined as the minimum number of independent coordinates that can specify the position of the system completely. Mathematically, degrees of freedom is the number of dimensions of the domain of a random vector, or essentially the number of "free" components (how many components need to be known before the vector is fully determined). In statistics, the number of degrees of freedom is the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary.

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The factorisation lemma is a fundamental tool in the theory of categories of fibrant objects (dually: of cofibrant objects). It mimics one half of the factorisation axioms in a model category in that it asserts that every morphisms may be factored as, in particular, a weak equivalence followed by a fibration.


In mathematics, the inequality of arithmetic and geometric means, or more briefly the AM–GM inequality, states that the arithmetic mean of a list of non-negative real numbers is greater than or equal to the geometric mean of the same list; and further, that the two means are equal if and only if every number in the list is the same.

Double-Free Set

Jensen's inequality states that the value of a concave function of an arithmetic mean is greater than or equal to the arithmetic mean of the function's values. In mathematics, Jensen's inequality, named after the Danish mathematician Johan Jensen, relates the value of a convex function of an integral to the integral of the convex function. It was proven by Jensen in 1906.

Jensen's inequality can also be proven graphically, as illustrated on the third diagram. The dashed curve along the X axis is the hypothetical distribution of X, while the dashed curve along the Y axis is the corresponding distribution of Y values. Note that the convex mapping Y(X) increasingly "stretches" the distribution for increasing values of X.

As well as a Triple-Free Set, In statistics and uncertainty analysis, the Welch–Satterthwaite equation is used to calculate an approximation to the effective degrees of freedom of a linear combination of independent sample variances, also known as the pooled degrees of freedom, corresponding to the pooled variance.

In the context of complex dynamics, a topic of mathematics, the Julia set and the Fatou set are two complementary sets (Julia "laces" and Fatou "dusts").

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In mathematics, in particular in algebraic topology, differential geometry and algebraic geometry, the Chern classes are characteristic classes associated with complex vector bundles.

The HM-GM-AM-QM Inequalities
The geometric mean–arithmetic mean–quadratic mean inequalities.

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In algebraic geometry, a Schubert variety is a certain subvariety of a Grassmannian, usually with singular points. Like a Grassmannian, it is a kind of moduli space, whose points correspond to certain kinds of subspaces V, specified using linear algebra, inside a fixed vector subspace W. Here W may be a vector space over an arbitrary field, though most commonly over the complex numbers.

To find the harmonic mean of a set of n numbers, add the reciprocals of the numbers in the set, divide the sum by n, then take the reciprocal of the result.

'Lumping turns Calculus on its head. Whereas Calculus analyzes a changing process by dividing it into ever finer intervals, lumping simplifies a changing process by combining it into one unchanging process.' - Street Fighting Mathematics pg. 54 'Lumping, by replacing a curve with a rectangle whose area is easily computed, is already a pictorial analysis.' (Summing series) pg. 73

In mathematics, Schubert calculus is a branch of algebraic geometry introduced in the nineteenth century by Hermann Schubert, in order to solve various counting problems of projective geometry (part of enumerative geometry). It was a precursor of several more modern theories, for example characteristic classes, and in particular its algorithmic aspects are still of current interest. The phrase "Schubert calculus" is sometimes used to mean the enumerative geometry of linear subspaces, roughly equivalent to describing the cohomology ring of Grassmannians, and sometimes used to mean the more general enumerative geometry of nonlinear varieties.



Thanks for your help uncle David Schubert. The Grassmannian is greener on the other side. Green's theorem is a vector identity which is equivalent to the curl theorem in the plane. In mathematics, the Grassmannian Gr is a space which parametrizes all k-dimensional linear subspaces of the n-dimensional vector space V.

The objects introduced by Schubert are the Schubert cells, which are locally closed sets in a Grassmannian defined by conditions of incidence of a linear subspace in projective space with a given flag. For details see Schubert variety.

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In mathematics, a characteristic class is a way of associating to each principal bundle X a cohomology class of X. The cohomology class measures the extent the bundle is "twisted" — and whether it possesses sections. Characteristic classes are global invariants that measure the deviation of a local product structure from a global product structure. They are one of the unifying geometric concepts in algebraic topology, differential geometry, and algebraic geometry. 

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The Erdos and Turan function


The Erdős–Turán conjecture is an old unsolved problem in additive number theory (not to be confused with Erdős conjecture on arithmetic progressions) posed by Paul Erdős and Pál Turán in 1941.

What is Newton Raphson method used for?
The Newton-Raphson method, or Newton Method, is a powerful technique for solving equations numerically. Like so much of the differential calculus, it is based on the simple idea of linear approximation. The Newton Method, properly used, usually homes in on a root with devastating efficiency.
 
The Newton-Raphson method (also known as Newton's method) is a way to quickly find a good approximation for the root of a real-valued function f(x)=0 f ( x ) = 0 . It uses the idea that a continuous and differentiable function can be approximated by a straight line tangent to it.

Intuitive Understanding Of Euler’s Formula

The Basel problem is a problem in mathematical analysis with relevance to number theory, first posed by Pietro Mengoli in 1650 and solved by Leonhard Euler in 1734 and read on 5 December 1735 in The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences.



In additive number theory, the Skolem–Mahler–Lech theorem states that if a sequence of numbers is generated by a linear recurrence relation, then with finitely many exceptions the positions at which the sequence is zero form a regularly repeating pattern.

The Brent-Salamin formula, also called the Gauss-Salamin formula or Salamin formula, or even the Gauss–Legendre algorithm is a formula that uses the arithmetic-geometric mean to compute pi.

Series inspired by Brent / Salamin's formula

In mathematics, Machin-like formulae are a popular technique for computing π to a large number of digits.


A Vandermonde matrix is a type of matrix that arises in the polynomial least squares fitting, Lagrange interpolating polynomials (Hoffman and Kunze p. 114), and the reconstruction of a statistical distribution from the distribution's moments (von Mises 1964; Press et al. 1992, p. 83). 

Solving Recurrence Relations

In geometry, the lemniscate of Bernoulli is a plane curve defined from two given points F1 and F2, known as foci, at distance 2a from each other as the locus of points P so that PF1·PF2 = a2. The curve has a shape similar to the numeral 8 and to the symbol. Its name is from lemniscus, which is Latin for "pendant ribbon". It is a special case of the Cassini oval and is a rational algebraic curve of degree 4. 

The lemniscate, also called the lemniscate of Bernoulli, is a polar curve whose most common form is the locus of points the product of whose distances from two fixed points (called the foci) a distance 2a away is the constant a/\2. 

In mathematics, the Euler–Maclaurin formula provides a powerful connection between integrals and sums. It can be used to approximate integrals by finite sums, or conversely to evaluate finite sums and infinite series using integrals and the machinery of calculus. 

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Pushing the envelope means testing limits and trying out new, often radical ideas. The expression comes originally from mathematics and engineering, where an envelope is a boundary, but was popularized by test pilots (especially those depicted in Tom Wolfe's novel, The Right Stuff).

No matter how hard you push the envelope, it still stationery. (thanks aunt Anita)

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Now apply what you have learned:

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Hell money is a form of joss paper printed to resemble legal tender bank notes.The notes are not an official form of recognized currency or legal tender since their sole intended purpose is to be offered as burnt offerings to the deceased as a superstitious solution to resolve their ancestors' financial problems.  

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In economics, Gresham's law is a monetary principle stating that "bad money drives out good".

Nonviolent Action Group (NAG)

Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? And not one of them will fall to the ground apart from your Father.—Matthew 10:29

The use of spirit money (also known as hell money or heaven money) in observing different rituals is deeply rooted in Asian culture. Archaeological evidence of “fake/spirit money” can be seen as far back as circa 1000 B.C.
 
Are not five sparrows sold for two pennies? And not one of them is forgotten before God.—Luke 12:6

Many have claimed that The Dillinger Escape Plan "pioneered" or even "created" the genre with the release of their debut album 'Calculating Infinity' as mathcore due to its frequent use of complex time signatures, atypical rhythms and unpredictable tempo changes.

Math rock is a style of indie rock that emerged in the late 1980s in the United States, influenced by post-hardcore, progressive rock bands such as King Crimson, and 20th century minimal music composers such as Steve Reich. Math rock is characterized by complex, atypical rhythmic structures (including irregular stopping and starting), counterpoint, odd time signatures, angular melodies, and extended, often dissonant, chords. It bears similarities to post-rock.

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Spirit money... Pennies from Heaven, heaven money, hell money...

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Waltke calls Proverbs 22:22-23:11 ”A Decalogue of Sayings About Wealth.”


"Paper is poverty...it is the ghost of money, and not money itself." - 1788 letter to Edward Carrington, US President Thomas Jefferson

"In God We Trust" is the official motto of the United States of America and of the U.S. state of Florida. It was adopted as the nation's motto in 1956 as a replacement or alternative to the unofficial motto of E pluribus unum, which was adopted when the Great Seal of the United States was created and adopted in 1782.

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In research recently, I gathered some new understanding of the Marine Hymn associated as a convention with Our Lady of Good Remedy as in the year 1198, St. John of Matha founded the Trinitarians to go to the slave markets, buy the Christian slaves and set them free:

"From The Halls of Montezuma" refers to the Battle of Chapultepec on 12/13 September 1847 during the Mexican-American War, where a force of Marines stormed Chapultepec Castle. The line "To the shores of Tripoli" refers to the First Barbary War, and specifically the Battle of Derne in 1805. Barbary slave trade After Lieutenant Presley O'Bannon and his Marines hoisted the American flag over the Old World for the first time, the phrase was added to the flag of the United States Marine Corps.

St. John of Matha, founder of the Trinitarian order and

A common convention between the two is freeing Christians slaves from Muslims.

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The subconscious mind will translate into its physical equivalent, by the most direct and practical method available.” - Napoleon Hill, American self-help author. He is known best for his book Think and Grow Rich (1937) 

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Rusty is the first and only full-length studio album by American math rock band Rodan. It was released in April 1994 on Quarterstick Records. The album takes its name from its engineer, Bob "Rusty" Weston.

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