Designing a Quadrupole ion trap in a Sextupole magnet using the Twelvefold way of combinatorics with the Eightfold way of Physics
A trion is a localized excitation which consists of three charged particles. A negative trion consists of two electrons and one hole and a positive trion consists of two holes and one electron. The trion itself is a quasiparticle and is somewhat similar to an exciton , which is a complex of one electron and one hole. The trion has a ground singlet state ( spin s = 1/2) and an excited triplet state ( s = 3/2). Here singlet and triplet degeneracies originate not from the whole system but from the two identical particles in it. The half-integer spin value distinguishes trions from excitons in many phenomena; for example, energy states of trions, but not excitons, are split in an applied magnetic field. Trion states were predicted theoretically in 1958; [1] they were observed experimentally in 1993 in CdTe/Cd 1−x Zn x Te quantum wells, [2] and later in various other optically excited semiconductor structures. [3] [4] There are experimental proofs of their existence in n...